↑ Linux

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Debian

Website

• https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-run-debian-sid-relatively-safely
• https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-manual/index.en.html
• use dmesg or systemctl for debug
• releases are named after ToyStory characters
• 🔒 Debian Install Python Modules Outside of venv
• cat /proc/cpuinfo - processor infos

Debug GPU

DRI_PRIME=1 glxgears
bash

No sound

Install pavucontrol (PulseAudio Volume Control)

Networking

lot of tutorials online speak about nmcli but on a debian server you use networking.service configured using /etc/network/interfaces see

• nmcli - network manager cli
• nmtui - network manager terminal interface

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A secondary connection of the base connection failed -> delete and reconnect to the network...

Install firmware manually

1. get the files
2. past them in /lib/firmware
3. update your initramfs with sudo update-initramfs -u
4. restart

Switch desktop environment

sudo tasksel
shell

service run on start

sudo systemctl enable --now <app_name>
bash

you can edit the app start settings with

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/<app_name>.service
bash

Franken Debian

• https://linuxconfig.org/debian-pinning-howto

/etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware


deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# bookworm-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
bash

# Modernized from /etc/apt/sources.list
Types: deb deb-src
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: sid
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Modernized from /etc/apt/sources.list
Types: deb deb-src
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: trixie
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Modernized from /etc/apt/sources.list
Types: deb deb-src
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: bookworm
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Modernized from /etc/apt/sources.list
Types: deb deb-src
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: trixie-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Modernized from /etc/apt/sources.list
Types: deb deb-src
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: trixie-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

/etc/apt/preferences

Package: *
Pin: release n=sid
Pin-Priority: 900

Package: *
Pin: release n=trixie
Pin-Priority: 700

Package: *
Pin: release n=bookworm
Pin-Priority: 600
bash

Debian file structure

Directory	Content
bin	Essential command binaries
boot	Static files of the boot loader
dev	Device files
etc	Host-specific system configuration
home	User home directories
lib	Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
media	Contains mount points for replaceable media
mnt	Mount point for mounting a file system temporarily
proc	Virtual directory for system information
root	Home directory for the root user
run	Run-time variable data
sbin	Essential system binaries
sys	Virtual directory for system information
tmp	Temporary files (Kinda safe since it's isolated)[^1]
usr	Secondary hierarchy (UNIX System Ressources)
var	Variable data
srv	Data for services provided by the system
opt	Add-on application software packages

[^1]: Debian uses a directory called /tmp for temporary files, which is now mounted as tmpfs in Debian 13, meaning it uses RAM for storage, making file access faster but also temporary. Files in /tmp are automatically deleted after 10 days of inactivity and upon reboot